Preheat oven to 180°C/360°F and adjust a baking rack onto the middle shelf. Grease and line with parchment paper a 9-inch cake pan and set it aside.
Chop about ½ of the pears for the cake batter and set them aside. Slice or chop the remaining fruit for the topping, and set them aside.
In a large bowl whisk the butter and sugar with an electric whisker until light, pale, and fluffy, about 4 minutes. Then gently whisk one egg at a time, followed by the lemon zest, honey, vanilla (if using), and a pinch of sea salt.
Place a sieve/ strainer over the bowl. Add flour and baking powder, and sift into the cake batter. Whisk until just combined (do not overmix).
Add the chopped pears to the batter and mix until just combined.
Pour the cake batter into the prepared baking pan. Top the batter with the remaining fresh fruit.
Bake in the oven for approximately 40 minutes. During the last 10 minutes of baking time, cover the top of the cake with foil to prevent it from browning too much. To check if the cake is ready, insert a toothpick in the center, if it comes out clean, the cake is ready.
Remove the cake from the oven, allow to cool, then gently remove the cake from the pan.
Brush your Italian pear cake with apricot jam, or dust with powdered sugar and serve at room temperature. It's lovely topped with vanilla ice cream, fresh cream, or Greek yogurt.